本文注釋：

(1) Gideon Rachman,“China, India and the Rise of the‘Civilisation State’(March 4, 2019), Financial Times.

(2) Aris Roussinos,“The Irresistible Rise of the Civilisation-State”(August 6, 2020 ), UnHerd.

(3) Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc.,1965, p.15.

(4) Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, p.17.

(5) Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, p.23.

(6) Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York:Simon & Schuster Inc.,1996, p.21.

(7) Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, pp.21, 36, 43.

(8) Gideon Rachman“, China, India and the Rise of the‘Civilisation State’”.

(9) Aris Roussinos,“The Irresistible Rise of the Civilisation-State”.

(10) Niall Ferguson, Civilization: The West and the Rest, London: Penguin Group, 2011, p.45

(11) 強(qiáng)世功:《“天下一家”vs.世界帝國(guó):“深度全球化”與全球治理的未來(lái)》，《東方學(xué)刊》2021年冬季刊。

(12) Nathan Gadels,“The Clash of‘Civilizational States’”(November 18, 2022), Noema Magazine.

(13) Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History, p.23.

(14) [法]費(fèi)爾南·布羅代爾:《文明史》，常紹民、馮棠、張文英、王明毅譯，中信出版社2014年版，第xxi頁(yè)。

(15) Niall Ferguson, Civilization: The West and the Rest, p.3.

(16) 習(xí)近平:《高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，為全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家而團(tuán)結(jié)奮斗— 在中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第二十次全國(guó)代表大會(huì)上的報(bào)告》，人民出版社2022年版，第63頁(yè)。

(17) Ryan Teague Beckwith“, Read President Trump’s Remarks on‘Defending Civilization’in Poland”, Time, July 6, 2017.

(18) Ryan Teague Beckwith“, Read President Trump’s Remarks on‘Defending Civilization’in Poland”.